MODIFICATIONS OF BIOTRANSFORMATION ::
(A) Enzyme induction ::
Phenobarbital has been shown to stimulate the metabolism of more than 60 drugs including digoxin griseofulvin glucocorticoids and oral anticoagulants
(B) Enzyme inhibition ::
Most of the inhibiting drugs act directly but some yield metabolites that are inhibitors Enzyme inhibitions may be useful e.g. use of levodopa in Parkinsonism By using an inhibitor of the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase it can be prevented from being degraded in the kidneys and liver in test animals to reach the brain
Drug interactions due to biotransformation
A. ENZYME INDUCTION ::
Precipitant drug Object drug
Alcohol Coumarin anticoagulants
Barbiturates Phenytoin
Carbamazepine Chlorpromazine corticosteroids
Glutathimide Doxycycline Warfarin tolbutamide
Phenylbutazone Corticosteroids
B. ENZYME INHIBITION ::
Chloramphenicol Phenytion tolbutamide warfarin
Cimetidine Diazepam propranolol warfarin
Metronidazole Phenytoin
Phenylbutazone Chlorproamide tolbutamide phenytoin
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